Stick Fighting in Nguni Cultures

Umgangela or Dlala ‘nduku (Playing sticks) is a martial art traditionally practiced in Nguni ethnic groups. This practice is believed to have originated from cattle herdboys and is traditionally practiced by males – young and old.

Each opponent is armed with two long sticks, one used for defense and the other for offense. However, different cultures hold varying fighting styles, rules and tools. Variations of Nguni stick-fighting include different weaponry. Zulu stick-fighting uses an isikhwili (attacking stick), an ubhoko (defending stick) and an ihawu (defending shield).

The main purpose of stick fighting is for two opponents to challenge each other to establish which of them is the strongest or “Inkunzi” (the bull). Stick-fighting remains an integral part of Zulu ceremonial culture and is practiced at coming of age and wedding ceremonies to name a few.

Rules to Umgangela exist and are passed down verbally from generation to generation.
1) A downed opponent cannot be attacked or hit
2) There are officials who officiate the fights called Izinduna. These officials are armed with a stick
3) An individual may challenge another fighter by presenting their stick to their potential opponent.
4) The fight comes to an end if someone is injured, disarmed or withdraws

This indigenous sport has evolved from its inception.

It is believed to have been used as a method to train young warriors to fight and develop self-defense skills in the era of king Shaka Zulu kaSenzangakhona. In the era of one of his successors, King Cetshwayo kaMpande, stick fighting was used as a means to solve internal conflict and disputes without the intention to kill an opponent.

Stick fighting is one of the most recognisable forms of art for the Zulu nation highlighting its rich culture and tradition. It forms part of a cultural teaching and preservation exercise by passing on the skills to the younger generation and maintaining the excitement of getting involved in the practices of the past.